How photovoltaic panels work: a complete guide
The use of photovoltaic modules, often referred to as solar panels, for the generation of solar energy has been experiencing a notable surge in popularity. Both operational and initial investment expenses are steadily declining, offering the opportunity to an expanding array of both individuals and businesses to adopt this technology for the generation of electricity from renewable sources. This trend is driven by substantial technological advancements and is aligned with the climate neutrality objectives of the European Union. With the enactment of European climate legislation, meeting the EU’s climate target on reducing emissions by at least 55% by 2030 has become a mandatory legal commitment. Italy: Exceeding the threshold of 1.5 million connected photovoltaic systems In this scenario, each EU member state has specific targets for contributing to the share of renewable energy versus the overall energy mix. Among these, Italy certainly stands out for its remarkable capacity to produce renewable energy, particularly solar and wind energy. According to data from the latest report of Italia Solare based on the Gaudi data of Terna, more than 3,550 MW of new photovoltaic capacity was connected in the first nine months of the year, a 117% growth over the same period in 2022. Numbers that allowed for reaching 28,596 MW of cumulative photovoltaic installed capacity for a total of 1,506,558 systems distributed throughout the country. 49% of the connected power in the first 9 months (1,096 MW) is attributable to the residential sector (P < 20 kW), 36% is related to installations in the industrial and commercial sectors (200kW> P < 1MW), while utility scale installations (P>1MW) account for 15% of this new power.Photovoltaic technology: how photovoltaic modules work
Photovoltaic modules: solar panels, typically crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, are assembled and interconnected in order to achieve the desired power and size values. Sunlight striking the module is able to cause the photovoltaic effect, which results in a direct current. The latest technological upgrades connected to photovoltaic modules are significant, especially given the crucial role they play in sustainable energy production. These increasingly innovative devices are at the heart of the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity, fully combining greater sustainability and energy efficiency.The capture of sunlight
In other words, a photovoltaic cell is a device that exploits the photovoltaic effect to generate electrical current. This phenomenon is based on the ability of certain materials, known as semiconductors, to absorb photons of sunlight and release electrons in response to this interaction. The core of a photovoltaic cell consists of a thin layer of semiconductor material, commonly silicon. When sunlight strikes the semiconductor, electrons are excited from their equilibrium position, creating a direct electric current (DC). Then, through other dedicated devices, the direct current will be converted to alternating current (AC), which is the type of current used in most domestic and industrial applications.The inverter, the heart of the system
The power produced by photovoltaic panels is direct current (DC), but our homes and businesses use alternating current (AC). To convert DC to AC, a fundamental device called an inverter is used. In PV systems, the inverter plays a crucial role, far beyond its appearance as a technical component. It is the beating heart of the system, transforming the solar energy captured by photovoltaic cells into a form of electricity suitable for domestic and industrial use.
How does an inverter work?
An inverter acts as a translator of energy, converting the direct current (DC) produced by photovoltaic cells into alternating current (AC), which is the form of electricity used in most of our homes and businesses. This conversion is essential because most household appliances and electronic equipment require alternating current to operate. Without an efficient inverter, the solar energy collected is at risk of being dissipated and consequently unable to be fully utilized.Other possible functions:
In addition to this basic function, modern inverters are equipped with advanced technologies that further enhance the performance of PV systems. For example, inverters can constantly monitor energy production, adapt to changes in sunlight intensity, and provide detailed data on overall plant performance. These features enable more intelligent energy management, optimizing overall system efficiency. A crucial aspect of the inverter’s role is its ability to ensure the safety and stability of the power grid. Modern inverters are designed to respond quickly to load changes and grid fluctuations, helping to maintain a steady flow of power without interruptions or power quality issues. In addition, the inverter can be a key element in energy storage solutions. Connected to battery systems, it allows energy produced during periods of peak solar production to be stored and used when there is insufficient sunlight.
Why choose photovoltaics
Solar energy is a real revolution in the field of power production. After considerable technological upgrades, it has been considered as an investment of sustainable value, a source of numerous environmental, economic and social benefits. A PV system, whether domestic or industrial, can help reduce energy costs and limit the negative environmental impact associated with the use of traditional energy sources. Southenergy has been operating in the renewable energy sector for 15 years in accordance with sustainability principles, aiming to spread an energy culture based on concepts such as respect, competence, quality and efficiency. The areas of activity in which Southenergy operates range from the design and construction of turnkey photovoltaic systems, to the enhancement of existing systems through repowering and revamping activities, preserving projects at 360° also through crucial activities such as O&M (operation and maintenance), due diligence, asset management, monitoring and digital energy. Learn more about Southenergy’s network of services, the efficiency of our PV systems, and the turnkey solutions we have reserved for those who have already chosen us: visit the section of our website dedicated to some of the projects we have implemented.Would you like to receive more information or request a free technical consultation? Contact us by filling out the following form: