Photovoltaics with a storage system: how does it work?

The photovoltaic system with storage is one of the most advanced technological solutions in the field of renewable energies, aimed at using energy at a different time from when it is produced. Through a storage system, it allows the renewable electrical energy produced by photovoltaics during the day, but in excess of consumption, to be stored and used in the evening/night without needing to draw it from the national electrical grid. This maximizes the self-consumption capacity of households and businesses, even during hours of lower production from the system. As is known, the efficiency of a photovoltaic system mainly depends on the solar irradiation of the location where it is installed. Solar irradiation is influenced by other specific variables such as panel orientation and tilt. Consequently, the production of a system is potentially highest during daylight hours and decreases in the evening, coinciding with the energy demand. Evaluating the installation of a storage system, whose core is a rechargeable battery that stores electricity produced during daylight hours, can be the ideal solution for using energy when the sun is not available. In this article, we will explore in detail how this system works, its key components, and the benefits in terms of both self-consumption and energy savings.

What is a photovoltaic system with storage

To understand how the photovoltaic system with storage works, it is essential to become familiar with the basic concepts. Photovoltaic modules – commonly called solar panels – are made up of photovoltaic cells (typically crystalline silicon), which are assembled and interconnected to achieve the desired power and size. Sunlight hitting the module can cause the photovoltaic effect, resulting in direct current. Through an essential device called an inverter, direct current (DC) is converted into alternating current (AC), which is the type of current used in most household and industrial applications. When integrated with a photovoltaic system, accumulators or batteries optimize the production and consumption of electrical energy. Their main function is to store excess electrical energy – which, in the absence of such accumulators, would be fed into the national electrical grid – making it available when there is an energy demand.

How the system works

The photovoltaic system with storage operates synergistically. During daylight hours, the photovoltaic system generates electricity that is immediately used to power household appliances or industrial machinery in the case of industrial plants (direct self-consumption). When the system’s production exceeds the consumption demand, the excess is stored in the storage system (battery) to be used during periods of lower production than consumption. Considering that according to an analysis conducted by GSE, 30% of the energy generated by a typical residential photovoltaic system is used directly by its owner while the remaining 70% is supplied to the national electrical grid (in the absence of an energy accumulator), it immediately becomes clear what the benefits of a photovoltaic system with storage are: being able to produce and consume almost all the electrical energy needed, achieving incremental levels of energy self-sufficiency.

Which type of photovoltaic system with storage to choose

There are several types of storage systems designed for photovoltaic systems, each with specific characteristics that adapt to different needs. Here are some of the most common types:

Lithium-ion batteries: these batteries are lightweight, have high energy density, and long life. They currently represent the optimal solution for maximizing energy independence, which is why they are widely used for storage in residential and commercial installations.
Lead-acid batteries: although less efficient than lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries are still used for energy storage, especially in large-scale applications.
Flow batteries: this type of battery uses a liquid electrolyte solution stored in external tanks. They are appreciated for their long lifespan and ability to store large amounts of energy.
Solid-state batteries: these batteries replace the liquid electrolyte with solid materials, increasing battery safety and lifespan. They are emerging as a promising option for the future.
Hydrogen batteries: some photovoltaic systems can use hydrogen as a storage medium. Electrical energy is used to electrolyze water, generating hydrogen, which can then be used for energy production when needed.

How much can be saved with photovoltaic systems with storage

The savings on the bill obtained through solar energy generation is certainly a fundamental driver. The measurement of this driver is related to various technical variables, including a preliminary accurate analysis of the energy needs of the structure and a subsequent appropriate sizing of the system (based on available surface area). The energy self-sufficiency and resulting impact on the bill can therefore vary, but it’s worth considering that a well-sized system complete with a storage system could guarantee almost total energy independence.

Reduction of electricity bills

This scenario immediately highlights the impact of a photovoltaic system on electricity bills, which, thanks to self-produced renewable energy, would be reduced to a minimum.

In conclusion, photovoltaic systems with storage not only contribute to reducing emissions but also offer short- and long-term economic savings. Investing in this technology is not only a step towards sustainability but also a financially prudent and forward-thinking investment for households and businesses. Choosing to install a photovoltaic system, with operators who have been operating with seriousness and competence in the renewable energy sector for years, means opting for a sustainable choice, not only in economic but also environmental terms. ‍Since 2008, Southenergy has been providing customized solutions aimed at enhancing renewable energy sources, leveraging what companies and individuals already possess: their rooftops. Specialization in the sector, physical presence in the territory, an organizational structure benefiting from highly qualified in-house personnel, and equipment and means of ownership to manage the entire value chain promptly in the construction and energy management are, therefore, the real strengths of Southenergy. ‍Discover the efficiency of our photovoltaic systems and the turnkey solutions we have reserved for those who have already chosen us: visit the section of our website dedicated to some of the projects we have carried out. Would you like to receive more information or request a free technical consultation? Contact us by filling out the form below:

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