How Heat Pumps Work in Combination with Photovoltaic Systems

What is a Heat Pump and How Does it Work?

Before delving into its integration with photovoltaic systems, it is important to understand the basic functioning of a heat pump. These systems use the principle of thermodynamics to transfer heat from a low-temperature source to a higher-temperature source. In practice, the heat pump extracts heat from the external environment, even at very low temperatures, and transfers it inside the building to heat the spaces. This occurs through a thermodynamic cycle that includes four main phases:

• evaporation
• compression
• condensation
• expansion

During the evaporation phase, a low-temperature refrigerant is evaporated inside an evaporator thanks to the heat extracted from the external environment. The vapor thus generated is compressed by a compressor, increasing its temperature and pressure. Subsequently, the high-pressure vapor passes through a condenser, where it releases heat to the building’s internal environment, cooling down and condensing back into liquid. Finally, the liquid refrigerant passes through an expansion device, reducing its pressure and returning to a low-temperature and low-pressure state, ready to start the cycle again.

Photovoltaic and Heat Pumps: How It Works

Integrating a heat pump with a photovoltaic system opens the door to an even more efficient and ecological system. The solar energy generated by the photovoltaic system is converted into electricity and can also be used to power the heat pump. This means making heating sustainable, both environmentally and in terms of management costs, optimizing the self-produced energy and thus reducing dependence on traditional sources.

Why Combine Photovoltaic and Heat Pumps?

Today more than ever, the synergy between these two technologies represents one of the most advantageous choices to save on energy consumption, reduce environmental impact, and ensure ideal thermal comfort for your family. Heat pumps powered by photovoltaic energy indeed represent a comprehensive solution for heating and DHW (domestic hot water) production. It should also be noted that modern air conditioners are heat pumps, specifically air-to-air, and can also produce heat during winter. Let’s look at some of the main advantages:

Economic Savings

Heat pumps alone have proven to be an extremely efficient option, capable of reducing energy consumption by up to 75% compared to traditional heating systems. But when combined with a photovoltaic system, the level of convenience rises further, reducing long-term energy costs and allowing significant savings on bills.

Improvement in Energy Class

Moreover, let’s not forget the positive effect on the property itself: increasing its energy class not only contributes to a higher commercial valuation but also makes the structure more attractive on the market, for example, in the case of a house.

Reduction of Pollution

The combination of heat pumps and photovoltaic systems is not only economically advantageous but also significantly reduces dependence on fossil fuels for residential heating, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and overall environmental impact.

Do Heat Pumps Work in Hot Climates?

The answer is also affirmative. Heat pumps can efficiently cool spaces even during the hottest days. This is achieved through a reverse process compared to heating: instead of extracting heat from the external environment to bring it inside, heat pumps absorb heat from inside the building and release it outside.

In hot climates, heat pumps can operate in cooling mode, providing an efficient and convenient alternative to traditional air conditioning systems. For example, in the United States, heat pumps account for over 40% of all new heating and cooling systems installed in new residential constructions, according to data reported by the US Department of Energy. This is due to their high energy efficiency and lower environmental impact compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Heat pumps use significantly less electricity than traditional air conditioners, as they leverage the pre-existing heat in the environment rather than generating cold through a compressor. This not only translates to lower operating costs for users but also a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and overall environmental impact. Furthermore, many heat pumps come equipped with advanced features, such as compressor speed regulation and intelligent energy management, which further optimize system performance and reduce energy consumption. This makes them particularly suitable for use in hot climates, where the demand for cooling is constant throughout much of the year. At this point, it might be useful to ask what the most suitable solution for your structure might be, whether it is a residence or a factory. To get a more precise indication, it is advisable to conduct an in-depth energy analysis, relying on expert technical personnel who can offer support in all analysis and planning phases. Since 2008, Southenergy has been providing turnkey personalized solutions aimed at enhancing renewable energy sources, offering a tailored consultancy path aimed at maximizing the energy efficiency of its clients. If you wish to request a free technical consultation, contact us by filling out the following form. We will help you find the most suitable solution for your structure.